American prison system Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American prison house system - show ExampleThe American colonies had similar correctional system, largely, with the exception of colonial administrators employ more corporal penalization in America, than followed by their counter parts in the motherland. This resulted in more death penalties, during that period. However, William Penn had a contrastive viewpoint, as he adopted The Great Law in Pennsylvania in 1682, which restricted the practise of torture as a punishment method, while it allowed felons paying for restitution of property to their victims. While walnut tree Street prison became the first penitentiary, Pennsylvania passed legislation, in 1776, which make way for reforming and rehabilitation of offenders, instead of using torture or execution. However, reformist methods like silence and labor could not help much, as prison authorities were forced to accommodate more than one prisoner in a cell, necessitated by the overcrowding of prisons. The corresponding reason k ept many prisoners without work in jails.(Criminal Justice in military action The Core, Prisons and Jails, pp313) Great penitentiary Rivalry After gaining from the experience of Pennsylvania prison system, many American states tried to implement the fancy of silence and labor, while interpreting the same in their own peculiar ways. In the process, the Pennsylvania playpen and New York prison systems engaged in some sort of debate, over the correct and result-oriented method of prison administration. This gave birth to two known separate systems. The Pennsylvania Penitentiary system was entirely based on the separate confinement concept, as the prison had cells for inmates, built in such a manner that no prisoner could come under the influence of other inmate, during the confinement. While the New York system followed the Pennsylvania sit of separate confinement, the authorities witnessed rise in sickness, insanity and suicide among inmates. Therefore the system was abandoned in 1822, as Elam Lynds adopted the congregate system, during his tenure as warden at Auburn. (Criminal Justice in Action The Core, Prisons and Jails, pp314-5) Rivalry has influenced American thinking about prison system As America saw forward-moving movement in criminal justice, it started from the adoption of the new penology. This concept was put into practice at New Yorks Elmira State Prison, in 1876, which introduced three-grade system for punishment, as well as, rewarding inmates displaying food doings with early release. The theories adopted by Elmira model were incorporated during first few decades of twentieth century. Working on more reforms, progressive elements in the correctional system operations adopted medical model for prisoners, which made way for offering medical therapies to inmates for correcting their ills. However, most of the prison administrators did not agree to this level of rehabilitation in their systems. Further, many tough measures, for dealing with incu rable criminals, were incorporated as criminologists and politicians tried to counter the menace of peachy rise in crime, during 1970s. Accordingly, four types of prisons were formulated depending on the required credential level, starting from minimum security to super-maximum security. (Criminal Justice in Action The Core, Prisons and Jails, reassertion of punishment, pp313 & 331) Comparison between publicly funded and privately funded prisons Privatization, as applicable to goods and service sector may not be completely compatible to the prison system, any where in the world. However, for discussions on privatization, the prison system can come under the purview of